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頁面物件模型

簡介​

大型測試套件可以結構化以優化編寫和維護的便利性。頁面物件模型是結構化測試套件的一種方法。

一個頁面物件代表您的網頁應用程式的一部分。一個電子商務網頁應用程式可能有一個首頁、一個列表頁和一個結帳頁。每個頁面都可以由頁面物件模型表示。

Page 物件簡化撰寫，透過建立適合您的應用程式的高階 API，並且簡化維護，將元素選擇器集中在一處並建立可重複使用的程式碼以避免重複。

實作​

我們將建立一個 PlaywrightDevPage 輔助類別來封裝在 playwright.dev 頁面上的常見操作。內部將使用 page 物件。

playwright-dev-page.ts
import { expect, type Locator, type Page } from '@playwright/test';

export class PlaywrightDevPage {
  readonly page: Page;
  readonly getStartedLink: Locator;
  readonly gettingStartedHeader: Locator;
  readonly pomLink: Locator;
  readonly tocList: Locator;

  constructor(page: Page) {
    this.page = page;
    this.getStartedLink = page.locator('a', { hasText: 'Get started' });
    this.gettingStartedHeader = page.locator('h1', { hasText: 'Installation' });
    this.pomLink = page.locator('li', {
      hasText: 'Guides',
    }).locator('a', {
      hasText: 'Page Object Model',
    });
    this.tocList = page.locator('article div.markdown ul > li > a');
  }

  async goto() {
    await this.page.goto('https://playwright.dev');
  }

  async getStarted() {
    await this.getStartedLink.first().click();
    await expect(this.gettingStartedHeader).toBeVisible();
  }

  async pageObjectModel() {
    await this.getStarted();
    await this.pomLink.click();
  }
}

現在我們可以在測試中使用 PlaywrightDevPage 類別。

example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import { PlaywrightDevPage } from './playwright-dev-page';

test('getting started should contain table of contents', async ({ page }) => {
  const playwrightDev = new PlaywrightDevPage(page);
  await playwrightDev.goto();
  await playwrightDev.getStarted();
  await expect(playwrightDev.tocList).toHaveText([
    `How to install Playwright`,
    `What's Installed`,
    `How to run the example test`,
    `How to open the HTML test report`,
    `Write tests using web first assertions, page fixtures and locators`,
    `Run single test, multiple tests, headed mode`,
    `Generate tests with Codegen`,
    `See a trace of your tests`
  ]);
});

test('should show Page Object Model article', async ({ page }) => {
  const playwrightDev = new PlaywrightDevPage(page);
  await playwrightDev.goto();
  await playwrightDev.pageObjectModel();
  await expect(page.locator('article')).toContainText('Page Object Model is a common pattern');
});