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Frame

At every point of time, page exposes its current frame tree via the page.main_frame and frame.child_frames methods.

Frame object's lifecycle is controlled by three events, dispatched on the page object:

An example of dumping frame tree:

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, Playwright

def run(playwright: Playwright):
    firefox = playwright.firefox
    browser = firefox.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://www.theverge.com")
    dump_frame_tree(page.main_frame, "")
    browser.close()

def dump_frame_tree(frame, indent):
    print(indent + frame.name + '@' + frame.url)
    for child in frame.child_frames:
        dump_frame_tree(child, indent + "    ")

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

Methods​

add_script_tag​

Added before v1.9 frame.add_script_tag

Returns the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.

Adds a <script> tag into the page with the desired url or content.

Usage

frame.add_script_tag()
frame.add_script_tag(**kwargs)

Arguments

  • content str (optional)#

    Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.

  • path Union[str, pathlib.Path] (optional)#

    Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If path is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory.

  • type str (optional)#

    Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a JavaScript ES6 module. See script for more details.

  • url str (optional)#

    URL of a script to be added.

Returns

add_style_tag​

Added before v1.9 frame.add_style_tag

Returns the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.

Adds a <link rel="stylesheet"> tag into the page with the desired url or a <style type="text/css"> tag with the content.

Usage

frame.add_style_tag()
frame.add_style_tag(**kwargs)

Arguments

  • content str (optional)#

    Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.

  • path Union[str, pathlib.Path] (optional)#

    Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. If path is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory.

  • url str (optional)#

    URL of the <link> tag.

Returns

content​

Added before v1.9 frame.content

Gets the full HTML contents of the frame, including the doctype.

Usage

frame.content()

Returns

drag_and_drop​

Added in: v1.13 frame.drag_and_drop

Usage

frame.drag_and_drop(source, target)
frame.drag_and_drop(source, target, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • source str#

    A selector to search for an element to drag. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • target str#

    A selector to search for an element to drop onto. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • source_position Dict (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    Clicks on the source element at this point relative to the top-left corner of the element's padding box. If not specified, some visible point of the element is used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • target_position Dict (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    Drops on the target element at this point relative to the top-left corner of the element's padding box. If not specified, some visible point of the element is used.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

evaluate​

Added before v1.9 frame.evaluate

Returns the return value of expression.

If the function passed to the frame.evaluate() returns a Promise, then frame.evaluate() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

If the function passed to the frame.evaluate() returns a non-Serializable value, then frame.evaluate() returns undefined. Playwright also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by JSON: -0, NaN, Infinity, -Infinity.

Usage

result = frame.evaluate("([x, y]) => Promise.resolve(x * y)", [7, 8])
print(result) # prints "56"

A string can also be passed in instead of a function.

print(frame.evaluate("1 + 2")) # prints "3"
x = 10
print(frame.evaluate(f"1 + {x}")) # prints "11"

ElementHandle instances can be passed as an argument to the frame.evaluate():

body_handle = frame.evaluate("document.body")
html = frame.evaluate("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", [body_handle, "hello"])
body_handle.dispose()

Arguments

  • expression str#

    JavaScript expression to be evaluated in the browser context. If the expression evaluates to a function, the function is automatically invoked.

  • arg EvaluationArgument (optional)#

    Optional argument to pass to expression.

Returns

evaluate_handle​

Added before v1.9 frame.evaluate_handle

Returns the return value of expression as a JSHandle.

The only difference between frame.evaluate() and frame.evaluate_handle() is that frame.evaluate_handle() returns JSHandle.

If the function, passed to the frame.evaluate_handle(), returns a Promise, then frame.evaluate_handle() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

Usage

a_window_handle = frame.evaluate_handle("Promise.resolve(window)")
a_window_handle # handle for the window object.

A string can also be passed in instead of a function.

a_handle = page.evaluate_handle("document") # handle for the "document"

JSHandle instances can be passed as an argument to the frame.evaluate_handle():

a_handle = page.evaluate_handle("document.body")
result_handle = page.evaluate_handle("body => body.innerHTML", a_handle)
print(result_handle.json_value())
result_handle.dispose()

Arguments

  • expression str#

    JavaScript expression to be evaluated in the browser context. If the expression evaluates to a function, the function is automatically invoked.

  • arg EvaluationArgument (optional)#

    Optional argument to pass to expression.

Returns

frame_element​

Added before v1.9 frame.frame_element

Returns the frame or iframe element handle which corresponds to this frame.

This is an inverse of element_handle.content_frame(). Note that returned handle actually belongs to the parent frame.

This method throws an error if the frame has been detached before frameElement() returns.

Usage

frame_element = frame.frame_element()
content_frame = frame_element.content_frame()
assert frame == content_frame

Returns

frame_locator​

Added in: v1.17 frame.frame_locator

When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will enter the iframe and allow selecting elements in that iframe.

Usage

Following snippet locates element with text "Submit" in the iframe with id my-frame, like <iframe id="my-frame">:

locator = frame.frame_locator("#my-iframe").get_by_text("Submit")
locator.click()

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to use when resolving DOM element.

Returns

get_by_alt_text​

Added in: v1.27 frame.get_by_alt_text

Allows locating elements by their alt text.

Usage

For example, this method will find the image by alt text "Playwright logo":

<img alt='Playwright logo'>
page.get_by_alt_text("Playwright logo").click()

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

get_by_label​

Added in: v1.27 frame.get_by_label

Allows locating input elements by the text of the associated <label> or aria-labelledby element, or by the aria-label attribute.

Usage

For example, this method will find inputs by label "Username" and "Password" in the following DOM:

<input aria-label="Username">
<label for="password-input">Password:</label>
<input id="password-input">
page.get_by_label("Username").fill("john")
page.get_by_label("Password").fill("secret")

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

get_by_placeholder​

Added in: v1.27 frame.get_by_placeholder

Allows locating input elements by the placeholder text.

Usage

For example, consider the following DOM structure.

<input type="email" placeholder="name@example.com" />

You can fill the input after locating it by the placeholder text:

page.get_by_placeholder("name@example.com").fill("playwright@microsoft.com")

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

get_by_role​

Added in: v1.27 frame.get_by_role

Allows locating elements by their ARIA role, ARIA attributes and accessible name.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure.

<h3>Sign up</h3>
<label>
  <input type="checkbox" /> Subscribe
</label>
<br/>
<button>Submit</button>

You can locate each element by it's implicit role:

expect(page.get_by_role("heading", name="Sign up")).to_be_visible()

page.get_by_role("checkbox", name="Subscribe").check()

page.get_by_role("button", name=re.compile("submit", re.IGNORECASE)).click()

Arguments

  • role "alert" | "alertdialog" | "application" | "article" | "banner" | "blockquote" | "button" | "caption" | "cell" | "checkbox" | "code" | "columnheader" | "combobox" | "complementary" | "contentinfo" | "definition" | "deletion" | "dialog" | "directory" | "document" | "emphasis" | "feed" | "figure" | "form" | "generic" | "grid" | "gridcell" | "group" | "heading" | "img" | "insertion" | "link" | "list" | "listbox" | "listitem" | "log" | "main" | "marquee" | "math" | "meter" | "menu" | "menubar" | "menuitem" | "menuitemcheckbox" | "menuitemradio" | "navigation" | "none" | "note" | "option" | "paragraph" | "presentation" | "progressbar" | "radio" | "radiogroup" | "region" | "row" | "rowgroup" | "rowheader" | "scrollbar" | "search" | "searchbox" | "separator" | "slider" | "spinbutton" | "status" | "strong" | "subscript" | "superscript" | "switch" | "tab" | "table" | "tablist" | "tabpanel" | "term" | "textbox" | "time" | "timer" | "toolbar" | "tooltip" | "tree" | "treegrid" | "treeitem"#

    Required aria role.

  • checked bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-checked or native <input type=checkbox> controls.

    Learn more about aria-checked.

  • disabled bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-disabled or disabled.

    note

    Unlike most other attributes, disabled is inherited through the DOM hierarchy. Learn more about aria-disabled.

  • exact bool (optional) Added in: v1.28#

    Whether name is matched exactly: case-sensitive and whole-string. Defaults to false. Ignored when name is a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

  • expanded bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-expanded.

    Learn more about aria-expanded.

  • include_hidden bool (optional)#

    Option that controls whether hidden elements are matched. By default, only non-hidden elements, as defined by ARIA, are matched by role selector.

    Learn more about aria-hidden.

  • level int (optional)#

    A number attribute that is usually present for roles heading, listitem, row, treeitem, with default values for <h1>-<h6> elements.

    Learn more about aria-level.

  • name str | Pattern (optional)#

    Option to match the accessible name. By default, matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring, use exact to control this behavior.

    Learn more about accessible name.

  • pressed bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-pressed.

    Learn more about aria-pressed.

  • selected bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-selected.

    Learn more about aria-selected.

Returns

Details

Role selector does not replace accessibility audits and conformance tests, but rather gives early feedback about the ARIA guidelines.

Many html elements have an implicitly defined role that is recognized by the role selector. You can find all the supported roles here. ARIA guidelines do not recommend duplicating implicit roles and attributes by setting role and/or aria-* attributes to default values.

get_by_test_id​

Added in: v1.27 frame.get_by_test_id

Locate element by the test id.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure.

<button data-testid="directions">Itinéraire</button>

You can locate the element by it's test id:

page.get_by_test_id("directions").click()

Arguments

Returns

Details

By default, the data-testid attribute is used as a test id. Use selectors.set_test_id_attribute() to configure a different test id attribute if necessary.

get_by_text​

Added in: v1.27 frame.get_by_text

Allows locating elements that contain given text.

See also locator.filter() that allows to match by another criteria, like an accessible role, and then filter by the text content.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure:

<div>Hello <span>world</span></div>
<div>Hello</div>

You can locate by text substring, exact string, or a regular expression:

# Matches <span>
page.get_by_text("world")

# Matches first <div>
page.get_by_text("Hello world")

# Matches second <div>
page.get_by_text("Hello", exact=True)

# Matches both <div>s
page.get_by_text(re.compile("Hello"))

# Matches second <div>
page.get_by_text(re.compile("^hello$", re.IGNORECASE))

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

Details

Matching by text always normalizes whitespace, even with exact match. For example, it turns multiple spaces into one, turns line breaks into spaces and ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

Input elements of the type button and submit are matched by their value instead of the text content. For example, locating by text "Log in" matches <input type=button value="Log in">.

get_by_title​

Added in: v1.27 frame.get_by_title

Allows locating elements by their title attribute.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure.

<span title='Issues count'>25 issues</span>

You can check the issues count after locating it by the title text:

expect(page.get_by_title("Issues count")).to_have_text("25 issues")

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

goto​

Added before v1.9 frame.goto

Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.

The method will throw an error if:

  • there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
  • target URL is invalid.
  • the timeout is exceeded during navigation.
  • the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
  • the main resource failed to load.

The method will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling response.status.

note

The method either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to about:blank or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return null.

note

Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the upstream issue.

Usage

frame.goto(url)
frame.goto(url, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • url str#

    URL to navigate frame to. The url should include scheme, e.g. https://.

  • referer str (optional)#

    Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by page.set_extra_http_headers().

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum operation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_navigation_timeout(), browser_context.set_default_timeout(), page.set_default_navigation_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • wait_until "load" | "domcontentloaded" | "networkidle" | "commit" (optional)#

    When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to load. Events can be either:

    • 'domcontentloaded' - consider operation to be finished when the DOMContentLoaded event is fired.
    • 'load' - consider operation to be finished when the load event is fired.
    • 'networkidle' - DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least 500 ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.
    • 'commit' - consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.

Returns

is_enabled​

Added before v1.9 frame.is_enabled

Returns whether the element is enabled.

Usage

frame.is_enabled(selector)
frame.is_enabled(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

locator​

Added in: v1.14 frame.locator

The method returns an element locator that can be used to perform actions on this page / frame. Locator is resolved to the element immediately before performing an action, so a series of actions on the same locator can in fact be performed on different DOM elements. That would happen if the DOM structure between those actions has changed.

Learn more about locators.

Learn more about locators.

Usage

frame.locator(selector)
frame.locator(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to use when resolving DOM element.

  • has Locator (optional)#

    Narrows down the results of the method to those which contain elements matching this relative locator. For example, article that has text=Playwright matches <article><div>Playwright</div></article>.

    Inner locator must be relative to the outer locator and is queried starting with the outer locator match, not the document root. For example, you can find content that has div in <article><content><div>Playwright</div></content></article>. However, looking for content that has article div will fail, because the inner locator must be relative and should not use any elements outside the content.

    Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.

  • has_not Locator (optional) Added in: v1.33#

    Matches elements that do not contain an element that matches an inner locator. Inner locator is queried against the outer one. For example, article that does not have div matches <article><span>Playwright</span></article>.

    Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.

  • has_not_text str | Pattern (optional) Added in: v1.33#

    Matches elements that do not contain specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a [string], matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring.

  • has_text str | Pattern (optional)#

    Matches elements containing specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a [string], matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring. For example, "Playwright" matches <article><div>Playwright</div></article>.

Returns

set_content​

Added before v1.9 frame.set_content

This method internally calls document.write(), inheriting all its specific characteristics and behaviors.

Usage

frame.set_content(html)
frame.set_content(html, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • html str#

    HTML markup to assign to the page.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum operation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_navigation_timeout(), browser_context.set_default_timeout(), page.set_default_navigation_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • wait_until "load" | "domcontentloaded" | "networkidle" | "commit" (optional)#

    When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to load. Events can be either:

    • 'domcontentloaded' - consider operation to be finished when the DOMContentLoaded event is fired.
    • 'load' - consider operation to be finished when the load event is fired.
    • 'networkidle' - DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least 500 ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.
    • 'commit' - consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.

Returns

title​

Added before v1.9 frame.title

Returns the page title.

Usage

frame.title()

Returns

wait_for_function​

Added before v1.9 frame.wait_for_function

Returns when the expression returns a truthy value, returns that value.

Usage

The frame.wait_for_function() can be used to observe viewport size change:

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, Playwright

def run(playwright: Playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = webkit.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.evaluate("window.x = 0; setTimeout(() => { window.x = 100 }, 1000);")
    page.main_frame.wait_for_function("() => window.x > 0")
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

To pass an argument to the predicate of frame.waitForFunction function:

selector = ".foo"
frame.wait_for_function("selector => !!document.querySelector(selector)", selector)

Arguments

  • expression str#

    JavaScript expression to be evaluated in the browser context. If the expression evaluates to a function, the function is automatically invoked.

  • arg EvaluationArgument (optional)#

    Optional argument to pass to expression.

  • polling float | "raf" (optional)#

    If polling is 'raf', then expression is constantly executed in requestAnimationFrame callback. If polling is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Defaults to raf.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

wait_for_load_state​

Added before v1.9 frame.wait_for_load_state

Waits for the required load state to be reached.

This returns when the frame reaches a required load state, load by default. The navigation must have been committed when this method is called. If current document has already reached the required state, resolves immediately.

note

Most of the time, this method is not needed because Playwright auto-waits before every action.

Usage

frame.click("button") # click triggers navigation.
frame.wait_for_load_state() # the promise resolves after "load" event.

Arguments

  • state "load" | "domcontentloaded" | "networkidle" (optional)#

    Optional load state to wait for, defaults to load. If the state has been already reached while loading current document, the method resolves immediately. Can be one of:

    • 'load' - wait for the load event to be fired.
    • 'domcontentloaded' - wait for the DOMContentLoaded event to be fired.
    • 'networkidle' - DISCOURAGED wait until there are no network connections for at least 500 ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum operation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_navigation_timeout(), browser_context.set_default_timeout(), page.set_default_navigation_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

wait_for_url​

Added in: v1.11 frame.wait_for_url

Waits for the frame to navigate to the given URL.

Usage

frame.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
frame.wait_for_url("**/target.html")

Arguments

  • url str | Pattern | Callable[URL]:bool#

    A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving URL to match while waiting for the navigation. Note that if the parameter is a string without wildcard characters, the method will wait for navigation to URL that is exactly equal to the string.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum operation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_navigation_timeout(), browser_context.set_default_timeout(), page.set_default_navigation_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • wait_until "load" | "domcontentloaded" | "networkidle" | "commit" (optional)#

    When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to load. Events can be either:

    • 'domcontentloaded' - consider operation to be finished when the DOMContentLoaded event is fired.
    • 'load' - consider operation to be finished when the load event is fired.
    • 'networkidle' - DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least 500 ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.
    • 'commit' - consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.

Returns

Properties​

child_frames​

Added before v1.9 frame.child_frames

Usage

frame.child_frames

Returns

is_detached​

Added before v1.9 frame.is_detached

Returns true if the frame has been detached, or false otherwise.

Usage

frame.is_detached()

Returns

name​

Added before v1.9 frame.name

Returns frame's name attribute as specified in the tag.

If the name is empty, returns the id attribute instead.

note

This value is calculated once when the frame is created, and will not update if the attribute is changed later.

Usage

frame.name

Returns

page​

Added before v1.9 frame.page

Returns the page containing this frame.

Usage

frame.page

Returns

parent_frame​

Added before v1.9 frame.parent_frame

Parent frame, if any. Detached frames and main frames return null.

Usage

frame.parent_frame

Returns

url​

Added before v1.9 frame.url

Returns frame's url.

Usage

frame.url

Returns

Deprecated​

check​

Added before v1.9 frame.check
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.check() instead. Read more about locators.

This method checks an element matching selector by performing the following steps:

  1. Find an element matching selector. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
  2. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already checked, this method returns immediately.
  3. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  4. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  5. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
  6. Ensure that the element is now checked. If not, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Usage

frame.check(selector)
frame.check(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

click​

Added before v1.9 frame.click
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.click() instead. Read more about locators.

This method clicks an element matching selector by performing the following steps:

  1. Find an element matching selector. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
  2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  4. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element, or the specified position.
  5. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless no_wait_after option is set.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Usage

frame.click(selector)
frame.click(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • button "left" | "right" | "middle" (optional)#

    Defaults to left.

  • click_count int (optional)#

    defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between mousedown and mouseup in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option will default to true in the future.

    Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to false.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

dblclick​

Added before v1.9 frame.dblclick
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.dblclick() instead. Read more about locators.

This method double clicks an element matching selector by performing the following steps:

  1. Find an element matching selector. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
  2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  4. Use page.mouse to double click in the center of the element, or the specified position. if the first click of the dblclick() triggers a navigation event, this method will throw.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

note

frame.dblclick() dispatches two click events and a single dblclick event.

Usage

frame.dblclick(selector)
frame.dblclick(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • button "left" | "right" | "middle" (optional)#

    Defaults to left.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between mousedown and mouseup in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

dispatch_event​

Added before v1.9 frame.dispatch_event
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.dispatch_event() instead. Read more about locators.

The snippet below dispatches the click event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the element, click is dispatched. This is equivalent to calling element.click().

Usage

frame.dispatch_event("button#submit", "click")

Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given type, initializes it with event_init properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are composed, cancelable and bubble by default.

Since event_init is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial properties:

You can also specify JSHandle as the property value if you want live objects to be passed into the event:

# note you can only create data_transfer in chromium and firefox
data_transfer = frame.evaluate_handle("new DataTransfer()")
frame.dispatch_event("#source", "dragstart", { "dataTransfer": data_transfer })

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • type str#

    DOM event type: "click", "dragstart", etc.

  • event_init EvaluationArgument (optional)#

    Optional event-specific initialization properties.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

eval_on_selector​

Added in: v1.9 frame.eval_on_selector
Discouraged

This method does not wait for the element to pass the actionability checks and therefore can lead to the flaky tests. Use locator.evaluate(), other Locator helper methods or web-first assertions instead.

Returns the return value of expression.

The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the frame and passes it as a first argument to expression. If no elements match the selector, the method throws an error.

If expression returns a Promise, then frame.eval_on_selector() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

Usage

search_value = frame.eval_on_selector("#search", "el => el.value")
preload_href = frame.eval_on_selector("link[rel=preload]", "el => el.href")
html = frame.eval_on_selector(".main-container", "(e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix", "hello")

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to query for.

  • expression str#

    JavaScript expression to be evaluated in the browser context. If the expression evaluates to a function, the function is automatically invoked.

  • arg EvaluationArgument (optional)#

    Optional argument to pass to expression.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

Returns

eval_on_selector_all​

Added in: v1.9 frame.eval_on_selector_all
Discouraged

In most cases, locator.evaluate_all(), other Locator helper methods and web-first assertions do a better job.

Returns the return value of expression.

The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the frame and passes an array of matched elements as a first argument to expression.

If expression returns a Promise, then frame.eval_on_selector_all() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

Usage

divs_counts = frame.eval_on_selector_all("div", "(divs, min) => divs.length >= min", 10)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to query for.

  • expression str#

    JavaScript expression to be evaluated in the browser context. If the expression evaluates to a function, the function is automatically invoked.

  • arg EvaluationArgument (optional)#

    Optional argument to pass to expression.

Returns

expect_navigation​

Added before v1.9 frame.expect_navigation
Deprecated

This method is inherently racy, please use frame.wait_for_url() instead.

Waits for the frame navigation and returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with null.

Usage

This method waits for the frame to navigate to a new URL. It is useful for when you run code which will indirectly cause the frame to navigate. Consider this example:

with frame.expect_navigation():
    frame.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
# Resolves after navigation has finished
note

Usage of the History API to change the URL is considered a navigation.

Arguments

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum operation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_navigation_timeout(), browser_context.set_default_timeout(), page.set_default_navigation_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • url str | Pattern | Callable[URL]:bool (optional)#

    A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving URL to match while waiting for the navigation. Note that if the parameter is a string without wildcard characters, the method will wait for navigation to URL that is exactly equal to the string.

  • wait_until "load" | "domcontentloaded" | "networkidle" | "commit" (optional)#

    When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to load. Events can be either:

    • 'domcontentloaded' - consider operation to be finished when the DOMContentLoaded event is fired.
    • 'load' - consider operation to be finished when the load event is fired.
    • 'networkidle' - DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least 500 ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.
    • 'commit' - consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.

Returns

fill​

Added before v1.9 frame.fill
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.fill() instead. Read more about locators.

This method waits for an element matching selector, waits for actionability checks, focuses the element, fills it and triggers an input event after filling. Note that you can pass an empty string to clear the input field.

If the target element is not an <input>, <textarea> or [contenteditable] element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, the control will be filled instead.

To send fine-grained keyboard events, use locator.press_sequentially().

Usage

frame.fill(selector, value)
frame.fill(selector, value, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • value str#

    Value to fill for the <input>, <textarea> or [contenteditable] element.

  • force bool (optional) Added in: v1.13#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

focus​

Added before v1.9 frame.focus
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.focus() instead. Read more about locators.

This method fetches an element with selector and focuses it. If there's no element matching selector, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM.

Usage

frame.focus(selector)
frame.focus(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

get_attribute​

Added before v1.9 frame.get_attribute
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.get_attribute() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns element attribute value.

Usage

frame.get_attribute(selector, name)
frame.get_attribute(selector, name, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • name str#

    Attribute name to get the value for.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

hover​

Added before v1.9 frame.hover
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.hover() instead. Read more about locators.

This method hovers over an element matching selector by performing the following steps:

  1. Find an element matching selector. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
  2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  4. Use page.mouse to hover over the center of the element, or the specified position.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Usage

frame.hover(selector)
frame.hover(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional) Added in: v1.28#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

inner_html​

Added before v1.9 frame.inner_html
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.inner_html() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns element.innerHTML.

Usage

frame.inner_html(selector)
frame.inner_html(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

inner_text​

Added before v1.9 frame.inner_text
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.inner_text() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns element.innerText.

Usage

frame.inner_text(selector)
frame.inner_text(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

input_value​

Added in: v1.13 frame.input_value
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.input_value() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns input.value for the selected <input> or <textarea> or <select> element.

Throws for non-input elements. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, returns the value of the control.

Usage

frame.input_value(selector)
frame.input_value(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

is_checked​

Added before v1.9 frame.is_checked
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.is_checked() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns whether the element is checked. Throws if the element is not a checkbox or radio input.

Usage

frame.is_checked(selector)
frame.is_checked(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

is_disabled​

Added before v1.9 frame.is_disabled
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.is_disabled() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns whether the element is disabled, the opposite of enabled.

Usage

frame.is_disabled(selector)
frame.is_disabled(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

is_editable​

Added before v1.9 frame.is_editable
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.is_editable() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns whether the element is editable.

Usage

frame.is_editable(selector)
frame.is_editable(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

is_hidden​

Added before v1.9 frame.is_hidden
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.is_hidden() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns whether the element is hidden, the opposite of visible. selector that does not match any elements is considered hidden.

Usage

frame.is_hidden(selector)
frame.is_hidden(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option is ignored. frame.is_hidden() does not wait for the element to become hidden and returns immediately.

Returns

is_visible​

Added before v1.9 frame.is_visible
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.is_visible() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns whether the element is visible. selector that does not match any elements is considered not visible.

Usage

frame.is_visible(selector)
frame.is_visible(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option is ignored. frame.is_visible() does not wait for the element to become visible and returns immediately.

Returns

press​

Added before v1.9 frame.press
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.press() instead. Read more about locators.

key can specify the intended keyboardEvent.key value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the key values can be found here. Examples of the keys are:

F1 - F12, Digit0- Digit9, KeyA- KeyZ, Backquote, Minus, Equal, Backslash, Backspace, Tab, Delete, Escape, ArrowDown, End, Enter, Home, Insert, PageDown, PageUp, ArrowRight, ArrowUp, etc.

Following modification shortcuts are also supported: Shift, Control, Alt, Meta, ShiftLeft, ControlOrMeta. ControlOrMeta resolves to Control on Windows and Linux and to Meta on macOS.

Holding down Shift will type the text that corresponds to the key in the upper case.

If key is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values a and A will generate different respective texts.

Shortcuts such as key: "Control+o", key: "Control++ or key: "Control+Shift+T" are supported as well. When specified with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.

Usage

frame.press(selector, key)
frame.press(selector, key, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • key str#

    Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as ArrowLeft or a.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between keydown and keyup in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option will default to true in the future.

    Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to false.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

query_selector​

Added in: v1.9 frame.query_selector
Discouraged

Use locator-based frame.locator() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns the ElementHandle pointing to the frame element.

caution

The use of ElementHandle is discouraged, use Locator objects and web-first assertions instead.

The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the frame. If no elements match the selector, returns null.

Usage

frame.query_selector(selector)
frame.query_selector(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to query for.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

Returns

query_selector_all​

Added in: v1.9 frame.query_selector_all
Discouraged

Use locator-based frame.locator() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns the ElementHandles pointing to the frame elements.

caution

The use of ElementHandle is discouraged, use Locator objects instead.

The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the frame. If no elements match the selector, returns empty array.

Usage

frame.query_selector_all(selector)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to query for.

Returns

select_option​

Added before v1.9 frame.select_option
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.select_option() instead. Read more about locators.

This method waits for an element matching selector, waits for actionability checks, waits until all specified options are present in the <select> element and selects these options.

If the target element is not a <select> element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, the control will be used instead.

Returns the array of option values that have been successfully selected.

Triggers a change and input event once all the provided options have been selected.

Usage

# Single selection matching the value or label
frame.select_option("select#colors", "blue")
# single selection matching both the label
frame.select_option("select#colors", label="blue")
# multiple selection
frame.select_option("select#colors", value=["red", "green", "blue"])

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to query for.

  • force bool (optional) Added in: v1.13#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • element ElementHandle | List[ElementHandle] (optional)#

    Option elements to select. Optional.

  • index int | List[int] (optional)#

    Options to select by index. Optional.

  • value str | List[str] (optional)#

    Options to select by value. If the <select> has the multiple attribute, all given options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. Optional.

  • label str | List[str] (optional)#

    Options to select by label. If the <select> has the multiple attribute, all given options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. Optional.

Returns

set_checked​

Added in: v1.15 frame.set_checked
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.set_checked() instead. Read more about locators.

This method checks or unchecks an element matching selector by performing the following steps:

  1. Find an element matching selector. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
  2. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws.
  3. If the element already has the right checked state, this method returns immediately.
  4. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  5. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  6. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
  7. Ensure that the element is now checked or unchecked. If not, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Usage

frame.set_checked(selector, checked)
frame.set_checked(selector, checked, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • checked bool#

    Whether to check or uncheck the checkbox.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • strict bool (optional)#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

set_input_files​

Added before v1.9 frame.set_input_files
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.set_input_files() instead. Read more about locators.

Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the filePaths are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the current working directory. For empty array, clears the selected files.

This method expects selector to point to an input element. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, targets the control instead.

Usage

frame.set_input_files(selector, files)
frame.set_input_files(selector, files, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • files Union[str, pathlib.Path] | List[Union[str, pathlib.Path]] | Dict | List[Dict]#

    • name str

      File name

    • mimeType str

      File type

    • buffer bytes

      File content

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

tap​

Added before v1.9 frame.tap
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.tap() instead. Read more about locators.

This method taps an element matching selector by performing the following steps:

  1. Find an element matching selector. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
  2. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  4. Use page.touchscreen to tap the center of the element, or the specified position.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

note

frame.tap() requires that the hasTouch option of the browser context be set to true.

Usage

frame.tap(selector)
frame.tap(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

text_content​

Added before v1.9 frame.text_content
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.text_content() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns element.textContent.

Usage

frame.text_content(selector)
frame.text_content(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

type​

Added before v1.9 frame.type
Deprecated

In most cases, you should use locator.fill() instead. You only need to press keys one by one if there is special keyboard handling on the page - in this case use locator.press_sequentially().

Sends a keydown, keypress/input, and keyup event for each character in the text. frame.type can be used to send fine-grained keyboard events. To fill values in form fields, use frame.fill().

To press a special key, like Control or ArrowDown, use keyboard.press().

Usage

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • text str#

    A text to type into a focused element.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

uncheck​

Added before v1.9 frame.uncheck
Discouraged

Use locator-based locator.uncheck() instead. Read more about locators.

This method checks an element matching selector by performing the following steps:

  1. Find an element matching selector. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM.
  2. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already unchecked, this method returns immediately.
  3. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  4. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  5. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
  6. Ensure that the element is now unchecked. If not, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

Usage

frame.uncheck(selector)
frame.uncheck(selector, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional) Added in: v1.11#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

wait_for_selector​

Added before v1.9 frame.wait_for_selector
Discouraged

Use web assertions that assert visibility or a locator-based locator.wait_for() instead. Read more about locators.

Returns when element specified by selector satisfies state option. Returns null if waiting for hidden or detached.

note

Playwright automatically waits for element to be ready before performing an action. Using Locator objects and web-first assertions make the code wait-for-selector-free.

Wait for the selector to satisfy state option (either appear/disappear from dom, or become visible/hidden). If at the moment of calling the method selector already satisfies the condition, the method will return immediately. If the selector doesn't satisfy the condition for the timeout milliseconds, the function will throw.

Usage

This method works across navigations:

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, Playwright

def run(playwright: Playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    for current_url in ["https://google.com", "https://bbc.com"]:
        page.goto(current_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
        element = page.main_frame.wait_for_selector("img")
        print("Loaded image: " + str(element.get_attribute("src")))
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to query for.

  • state "attached" | "detached" | "visible" | "hidden" (optional)#

    Defaults to 'visible'. Can be either:

    • 'attached' - wait for element to be present in DOM.
    • 'detached' - wait for element to not be present in DOM.
    • 'visible' - wait for element to have non-empty bounding box and no visibility:hidden. Note that element without any content or with display:none has an empty bounding box and is not considered visible.
    • 'hidden' - wait for element to be either detached from DOM, or have an empty bounding box or visibility:hidden. This is opposite to the 'visible' option.

  • strict bool (optional) Added in: v1.14#

    When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

wait_for_timeout​

Added before v1.9 frame.wait_for_timeout
Discouraged

Never wait for timeout in production. Tests that wait for time are inherently flaky. Use Locator actions and web assertions that wait automatically.

Waits for the given timeout in milliseconds.

Note that frame.waitForTimeout() should only be used for debugging. Tests using the timer in production are going to be flaky. Use signals such as network events, selectors becoming visible and others instead.

Usage

frame.wait_for_timeout(timeout)

Arguments

  • timeout float#

    A timeout to wait for

Returns