測試執行器

簡介

只需幾行程式碼，你就可以將 Playwright 連接到你最喜愛的 Java 測試執行器。

Playwright 和 Browser 實例可以在測試之間重複使用，以提高效能。我們建議在新的 BrowserContext 中執行每個測試案例，這樣瀏覽器狀態將在測試之間隔離。

JUnit

在 JUnit 中，你可以在 @BeforeAll 方法中初始化 Playwright 和 Browser，並在 @AfterAll 方法中銷毀它們。在下面的範例中，所有三個測試方法都使用相同的 Browser。每個測試使用自己的 BrowserContext 和 Page。

package org.example;

import com.microsoft.playwright.Browser;
import com.microsoft.playwright.BrowserContext;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

public class TestExample {
  // Shared between all tests in this class.
  static Playwright playwright;
  static Browser browser;

  // New instance for each test method.
  BrowserContext context;
  Page page;

  @BeforeAll
  static void launchBrowser() {
    playwright = Playwright.create();
    browser = playwright.chromium().launch();
  }

  @AfterAll
  static void closeBrowser() {
    playwright.close();
  }

  @BeforeEach
  void createContextAndPage() {
    context = browser.newContext();
    page = context.newPage();
  }

  @AfterEach
  void closeContext() {
    context.close();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox() {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki() {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url());
  }
}

請參閱實驗性 JUnit integration 以自動初始化 Playwright 物件及更多。

執行測試在平行處理

預設情況下，JUnit 將在單個執行緒上順序執行所有測試。自 JUnit 5.3 起，您可以更改此行為以平行執行測試以加快執行速度（請參閱此頁面）。由於在沒有額外同步的情況下，從多個執行緒使用相同的 Playwright 物件是不安全的，我們建議您為每個執行緒建立 Playwright 實例，並在該執行緒上專門使用它。以下是一個如何平行執行多個測試類別的範例。

使用 @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS) 註釋來讓 JUnit 為該類別中的所有測試方法建立一個類別的實例（預設情況下，每個 JUnit 會為每個測試方法建立一個新的類別實例）。將 Playwright 和 Browser 物件儲存在實例欄位中。它們將在測試之間共享。每個類別的實例將使用其自己的 Playwright 複製品。

// Subclasses will inherit PER_CLASS behavior.
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class TestFixtures {
  // Shared between all tests in the class.
  Playwright playwright;
  Browser browser;

  @BeforeAll
  void launchBrowser() {
    playwright = Playwright.create();
    browser = playwright.chromium().launch();
  }

  @AfterAll
  void closeBrowser() {
    playwright.close();
  }

  // New instance for each test method.
  BrowserContext context;
  Page page;

  @BeforeEach
  void createContextAndPage() {
    context = browser.newContext();
    page = context.newPage();
  }

  @AfterEach
  void closeContext() {
    context.close();
  }
}

class Test1 extends TestFixtures {
  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox() {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki() {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url());
  }
}

class Test2 extends TestFixtures {
  @Test
  void shouldReturnInnerHTML() {
    page.setContent("<div>hello</div>");
    assertEquals("hello", page.innerHTML("css=div"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    Page popup = page.waitForPopup(() -> {
      page.evaluate("window.open('about:blank');");
    });
    assertEquals("about:blank", popup.url());
  }
}

配置 JUnit 以在每個類別中依序執行測試，並在平行執行緒上執行多個類別（執行緒的最大數量等於 CPU 核心數的一半）:

junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled = true
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.default = same_thread
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.classes.default = concurrent
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy=dynamic
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.dynamic.factor=0.5

使用 Gradle

你可以使用用 Groovy 或 Kotlin 編寫的 Gradle 建構配置腳本。

build.gradle

plugins {
  application
  id 'java'
}

repositories {
  mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
  implementation 'com.microsoft.playwright:playwright:1.46.0'
}

application {
  mainClass = 'org.example.App'
}

// Usage: ./gradlew playwright --args="help"
task playwright(type: JavaExec) {
  classpath sourceSets.test.runtimeClasspath
  mainClass = 'com.microsoft.playwright.CLI'
}

test {
  useJUnitPlatform()
}

build.gradle.kts

plugins {
  application
  id("java")
}

repositories {
  mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
  implementation("com.microsoft.playwright:playwright:1.46.0")
}

application {
  mainClass.set("org.example.App")
}

// Usage: ./gradlew playwright --args="help"
tasks.register<JavaExec>("playwright") {
  classpath(sourceSets["test"].runtimeClasspath)
  mainClass.set("com.microsoft.playwright.CLI")
}

tasks.test {
  useJUnitPlatform()
  testLogging {
    events("passed", "skipped", "failed")
  }
}

測試可以如下啟動:

./gradlew run

此外，Playwright 命令列工具可以執行如下:

./gradlew playwright --args="help"

TestNG

在 TestNG 中，你可以在 @BeforeClass 方法中初始化 Playwright 和 Browser，並在 @AfterClass 方法中銷毀它們。在下面的範例中，所有三個測試方法都使用相同的 Browser。每個測試使用其自己的 BrowserContext 和 Page。

package org.example;

import com.microsoft.playwright.Browser;
import com.microsoft.playwright.BrowserContext;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;
import com.microsoft.playwright.Playwright;
import org.testng.annotations.*;

import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.testng.Assert.assertTrue;

public class TestExample {
  // Shared between all tests in this class.
  Playwright playwright;
  Browser browser;

  // New instance for each test method.
  BrowserContext context;
  Page page;

  @BeforeClass
  void launchBrowser() {
    playwright = Playwright.create();
    browser = playwright.chromium().launch();
  }

  @AfterClass
  void closeBrowser() {
    playwright.close();
  }

  @BeforeMethod
  void createContextAndPage() {
    context = browser.newContext();
    page = context.newPage();
  }

  @AfterMethod
  void closeContext() {
    context.close();
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClickButton() {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox() {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertTrue((Boolean) page.evaluate("() => window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki() {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertEquals("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright", page.url());
  }
}