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GenericAssertions

The GenericAssertions class provides assertion methods that can be used to make assertions about any values in the tests. A new instance of GenericAssertions is created by calling expect():

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test('assert a value', async ({ page }) => {
  const value = 1;
  expect(value).toBe(2);
});

方法 (Methods)​

any​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.any

expect.any() matches any object instance created from the constructor or a corresponding primitive type. Use it inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching.

使用方式

// Match instance of a class.
class Example {}
expect(new Example()).toEqual(expect.any(Example));

// Match any number.
expect({ prop: 1 }).toEqual({ prop: expect.any(Number) });

// Match any string.
expect('abc').toEqual(expect.any(String));

參數

  • constructor Function#

    Constructor of the expected object like ExampleClass, or a primitive boxed type like Number.

anything​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.anything

expect.anything() matches everything except null and undefined. Use it inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching.

使用方式

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toEqual({ prop: expect.anything() });
expect(value).not.toEqual({ otherProp: expect.anything() });

arrayContaining​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.arrayContaining

expect.arrayContaining() matches an array that contains all of the elements in the expected array, in any order. Note that received array may be a superset of the expected array and contain some extra elements.

Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching.

使用方式

expect([1, 2, 3]).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([3, 1]));
expect([1, 2, 3]).not.toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([1, 4]));

參數

  • expected Array<Object>#

    Expected array that is a subset of the received value.

closeTo​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.closeTo

Compares floating point numbers for approximate equality. Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching. When just comparing two numbers, prefer expect(value).toBeCloseTo().

使用方式

expect({ prop: 0.1 + 0.2 }).not.toEqual({ prop: 0.3 });
expect({ prop: 0.1 + 0.2 }).toEqual({ prop: expect.closeTo(0.3, 5) });

參數

  • expected number#

    Expected value.

  • numDigits number (optional)#

    The number of decimal digits after the decimal point that must be equal.

objectContaining​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.objectContaining

expect.objectContaining() matches an object that contains and matches all of the properties in the expected object. Note that received object may be a superset of the expected object and contain some extra properties.

Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching. Object properties can be matchers to further relax the expectation. See examples.

使用方式

// Assert some of the properties.
expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ foo: 1 }));

// Matchers can be used on the properties as well.
expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ bar: expect.any(Number) }));

// Complex matching of sub-properties.
expect({
  list: [1, 2, 3],
  obj: { prop: 'Hello world!', another: 'some other value' },
  extra: 'extra',
}).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({
  list: expect.arrayContaining([2, 3]),
  obj: expect.objectContaining({ prop: expect.stringContaining('Hello') }),
}));

參數

  • expected Object#

    Expected object pattern that contains a subset of the properties.

stringContaining​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.stringContaining

expect.stringContaining() matches a string that contains the expected substring. Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching.

使用方式

expect('Hello world!').toEqual(expect.stringContaining('Hello'));

參數

  • expected string#

    Expected substring.

stringMatching​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.stringMatching

expect.stringMatching() matches a received string that in turn matches the expected pattern. Use this method inside expect(value).toEqual() to perform pattern matching.

使用方式

expect('123ms').toEqual(expect.stringMatching(/\d+m?s/));

// Inside another matcher.
expect({
  status: 'passed',
  time: '123ms',
}).toEqual({
  status: expect.stringMatching(/passed|failed/),
  time: expect.stringMatching(/\d+m?s/),
});

參數

  • expected string | RegExp#

    Pattern that expected string should match.

toBe​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBe

Compares value with expected by calling Object.is. This method compares objects by reference instead of their contents, similarly to the strict equality operator ===.

使用方式

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toBe(value);
expect(value).not.toBe({});
expect(value.prop).toBe(1);

參數

toBeCloseTo​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeCloseTo

Compares floating point numbers for approximate equality. Use this method instead of expect(value).toBe() when comparing floating point numbers.

使用方式

expect(0.1 + 0.2).not.toBe(0.3);
expect(0.1 + 0.2).toBeCloseTo(0.3, 5);

參數

  • expected number#

    Expected value.

  • numDigits number (optional)#

    The number of decimal digits after the decimal point that must be equal.

toBeDefined​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeDefined

Ensures that value is not undefined.

使用方式

const value = null;
expect(value).toBeDefined();

toBeFalsy​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeFalsy

Ensures that value is false in a boolean context, one of false, 0, '', null, undefined or NaN. Use this method when you don't care about the specific value.

使用方式

const value = null;
expect(value).toBeFalsy();

toBeGreaterThan​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeGreaterThan

Ensures that value > expected for number or big integer values.

使用方式

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeGreaterThan(1);

參數

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    The value to compare to.

toBeGreaterThanOrEqual​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeGreaterThanOrEqual

Ensures that value >= expected for number or big integer values.

使用方式

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(42);

參數

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    The value to compare to.

toBeInstanceOf​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeInstanceOf

Ensures that value is an instance of a class. Uses instanceof operator.

使用方式

expect(page).toBeInstanceOf(Page);

class Example {}
expect(new Example()).toBeInstanceOf(Example);

參數

  • expected Function#

    The class or constructor function.

toBeLessThan​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeLessThan

Ensures that value < expected for number or big integer values.

使用方式

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeLessThan(100);

參數

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    The value to compare to.

toBeLessThanOrEqual​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeLessThanOrEqual

Ensures that value <= expected for number or big integer values.

使用方式

const value = 42;
expect(value).toBeLessThanOrEqual(42);

參數

  • expected number | [bigint]#

    The value to compare to.

toBeNaN​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeNaN

Ensures that value is NaN.

使用方式

const value = NaN;
expect(value).toBeNaN();

toBeNull​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeNull

Ensures that value is null.

使用方式

const value = null;
expect(value).toBeNull();

toBeTruthy​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeTruthy

Ensures that value is true in a boolean context, anything but false, 0, '', null, undefined or NaN. Use this method when you don't care about the specific value.

使用方式

const value = { example: 'value' };
expect(value).toBeTruthy();

toBeUndefined​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toBeUndefined

Ensures that value is undefined.

使用方式

const value = undefined;
expect(value).toBeUndefined();

toContain(expected)​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toContain(expected)

Ensures that string value contains an expected substring. Comparison is case-sensitive.

使用方式

const value = 'Hello, World';
expect(value).toContain('World');
expect(value).toContain(',');

參數

  • expected string#

    Expected substring.

toContain(expected)​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toContain(expected)

Ensures that value is an Array or Set and contains an expected item.

使用方式

const value = [1, 2, 3];
expect(value).toContain(2);
expect(new Set(value)).toContain(2);

參數

  • expected Object#

    Expected value in the collection.

toContainEqual​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toContainEqual

Ensures that value is an Array or Set and contains an item equal to the expected.

For objects, this method recursively checks equality of all fields, rather than comparing objects by reference as performed by expect(value).toContain().

For primitive values, this method is equivalent to expect(value).toContain().

使用方式

const value = [
  { example: 1 },
  { another: 2 },
  { more: 3 },
];
expect(value).toContainEqual({ another: 2 });
expect(new Set(value)).toContainEqual({ another: 2 });

參數

  • expected Object#

    Expected value in the collection.

toEqual​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toEqual

Compares contents of the value with contents of expected, performing "deep equality" check.

For objects, this method recursively checks equality of all fields, rather than comparing objects by reference as performed by expect(value).toBe().

For primitive values, this method is equivalent to expect(value).toBe().

使用方式

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toEqual({ prop: 1 });

Non-strict equality

expect(value).toEqual() performs deep equality check that compares contents of the received and expected values. To ensure two objects reference the same instance, use expect(value).toBe() instead.

expect(value).toEqual() ignores undefined properties and array items, and does not insist on object types being equal. For stricter matching, use expect(value).toStrictEqual().

Pattern matching

expect(value).toEqual() can be also used to perform pattern matching on objects, arrays and primitive types, with the help of the following matchers:

Here is an example that asserts some of the values inside a complex object:

expect({
  list: [1, 2, 3],
  obj: { prop: 'Hello world!', another: 'some other value' },
  extra: 'extra',
}).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({
  list: expect.arrayContaining([2, 3]),
  obj: expect.objectContaining({ prop: expect.stringContaining('Hello') }),
}));

參數

toHaveLength​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toHaveLength

Ensures that value has a .length property equal to expected. Useful for arrays and strings.

使用方式

expect('Hello, World').toHaveLength(12);
expect([1, 2, 3]).toHaveLength(3);

參數

  • expected number#

    Expected length.

toHaveProperty​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toHaveProperty

Ensures that property at provided keyPath exists on the object and optionally checks that property is equal to the expected. Equality is checked recursively, similarly to expect(value).toEqual().

使用方式

const value = {
  a: {
    b: [42],
  },
  c: true,
};
expect(value).toHaveProperty('a.b');
expect(value).toHaveProperty('a.b', [42]);
expect(value).toHaveProperty('a.b[0]', 42);
expect(value).toHaveProperty('c');
expect(value).toHaveProperty('c', true);

參數

  • keyPath string#

    Path to the property. Use dot notation a.b to check nested properties and indexed a[2] notation to check nested array items.

  • expected Object (optional)#

    Optional expected value to compare the property to.

toMatch​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toMatch

Ensures that string value matches a regular expression.

使用方式

const value = 'Is 42 enough?';
expect(value).toMatch(/Is \d+ enough/);

參數

toMatchObject​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toMatchObject

Compares contents of the value with contents of expected, performing "deep equality" check. Allows extra properties to be present in the value, unlike expect(value).toEqual(), so you can check just a subset of object properties.

When comparing arrays, the number of items must match, and each item is checked recursively.

使用方式

const value = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2,
  c: true,
};
expect(value).toMatchObject({ a: 1, c: true });
expect(value).toMatchObject({ b: 2, c: true });

expect([{ a: 1, b: 2 }]).toMatchObject([{ a: 1 }]);

參數

  • expected Object | Array#

    The expected object value to match against.

toStrictEqual​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toStrictEqual

Compares contents of the value with contents of expected and their types.

Differences from expect(value).toEqual():

  • Keys with undefined properties are checked. For example, { a: undefined, b: 2 } does not match { b: 2 }.
  • Array sparseness is checked. For example, [, 1] does not match [undefined, 1].
  • Object types are checked to be equal. For example, a class instance with fields a and b will not equal a literal object with fields a and b.

使用方式

const value = { prop: 1 };
expect(value).toStrictEqual({ prop: 1 });

參數

toThrow​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toThrow

Calls the function and ensures it throws an error.

Optionally compares the error with expected. Allowed expected values:

  • Regular expression - error message should match the pattern.
  • String - error message should include the substring.
  • Error object - error message should be equal to the message property of the object.
  • Error class - error object should be an instance of the class.

使用方式

expect(() => {
  throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrow();

expect(() => {
  throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrow(/something/);

expect(() => {
  throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrow(Error);

參數

  • expected Object (optional)#

    Expected error message or error object.

toThrowError​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.toThrowError

An alias for expect(value).toThrow().

使用方式

expect(() => {
  throw new Error('Something bad');
}).toThrowError();

參數

  • expected Object (optional)#

    Expected error message or error object.

屬性 (Properties)​

not​

Added in: v1.9 genericAssertions.not

Makes the assertion check for the opposite condition. For example, the following code passes:

const value = 1;
expect(value).not.toBe(2);

使用方式

expect(value).not

型別 (Type)